TCP/IP Networking

1. TCP/IP Overview

• Origins of TCP and IP
• ARPANET Requirements Documents
• Collaborative Network Requirements
  • One Protocol?
  • The TCP/IP Networking Model
• Documentation and RFCs
  • Types of RFCs

1. TCP/IP Numbering Systems

• Introduction to Numbering Systems
• Positional Numbering System Basics
• Numbering Systems Used in Data Systems
  • Decimal Numbering
  • Binary Numbering
  • Hexadecimal Numbering
• Converting between Numbering Systems
  • Converting Binary or Hexadecimal to Decimal
  • Converting Decimal to Binary or Hexadecimal
  • Converting between Hexadecimal and Binary
• Counting
• Guidelines for Determining the Base of a Number

1. Network Access Review

• Introduction
• MAC Addressing
• The Ethernet Header
  • Ethernet Protocol Types
• The Ethernet Frame
  • Ethernet Frame Format Modifications
• Protocol Analysis Tools

1. IPv4 Addressing

• Logical Addressing
• IP Address Features
• Dotted Decimal Notation
• Classful Addressing
  • Classful Addressing: Class A
  • Classful Addressing: Class B
  • Classful Addressing: Class C
  • Classful Addressing: Class D
  • Classful Addressing: Class E
• Reserved Addressing
• Network Mask: Boolean Logic
  • Network Mask: Comparing Addresses
• A Flat Network
• Classful Address Limitations
  • Subnetting Classful Address Blocks
  • Private Addressing
• Network Address Translation
  • Variable-Length Subnet Masking
• Classless Inter-Domain Routing
  • CIDR Prefix Notation
  • CIDR Address Blocks

Module Review and Discussion Questions

1. IPv4 Subnets

• Subnetting Overview
• FLSM vs. VLSM
• Calculating Subnet Values
• VLSM Example: Determine Needs
  • The Default Mask
  • The First Subnet
  • The Second Subnet
  • The Third Subnet
  • The Current Picture
  • Sequential Allocation Error
  • A Future Fourth Subnet
• CIDR and VLSM

1. Address Resolution Protocol

• Address Mapping
• ARP Restrictions
• ARP Cache
• ARP Commands
• ARP Message Fields
• Additional ARP Capabilities

1. Multicasting

• What Is Multicasting?
• Uses for Multicasting
• Multicasting Overview
• Reserved Multicast Addresses
• Internet Group Management Protocol
  • Joining Multicast Groups
• Multicast Routing
  • Mapping Class D IP Address to an Etherent Multicast Address
• Putting It All Together

1. Internet Protocol Version 4

• Internet Protocol Overview
• Self-Healing Networks
• IPv4 Header
  • IPv4 Header Layout
  • DS Field
  • Explicit Congestion Notification
  • Total IP Length
  • Identification Field
  • Fragmentation
  • Time To Live
  • Protocol Field
  • IPv4 Header Checksum
  • IPv4 Address Fields
  • IPv4 Options
• IPv4 Sample Data Exchanges

1. IP Routing

• IP Routing Overview
• Routing Function
• IP Routing Algorithm
• Types of Routing Protocols
• Choosing the Best Path
  • Routing Metrics
  • Administrative Distance
• Routing Tables
  • Workstation Routing Tables
  • Router Routing Table
• Routing Information Protocol
  • RIP Basics
  • RIP Route Loops
• Open Shortest Path First
• Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
• RIP vs. OSPF vs. EIGRP
• Border Gateway Protocol
• Layer 3 Switching

1. UDP Sessions

• TCP/IP Protocols
• Connectionless Protocols
• Connection-Oriented Protocols
• Low Overhead vs. Reliability
• UDP Header Layout
• UDP/TCP Ports
• UDP Ports and Sockets
• UDP Application Port Examples
• Sample UDP Data Exchanges

1. TCP Sessions

• TCP/IP Protocols
• Reliable Transport Services
• TCP Characteristics
• TCP Header Overview
  • Source and Destination Ports
  • Sequence Number
  • Acknowledgment Number
  • Header Length
  • Session Flags
  • Window Size
  • TCP Checksum
  • Urgent Pointer
  • TCP Options
  • Maximum Segment Size and Window Size
• TCP Connection Establishment
• TCP Data Flow
• TCP Connection Termination
  • TCP Reset
• TCP Congestion Management
  • Default Congestion Management
  • Advanced Congestion Management
  • Explicit Congestion Notification and TCP
• TCP Sample Data Exchanges

1. Autoconfiguration

• TCP/IP Protocols
• Manual vs. Automatic Assignments
• Historical Solutions
  • Reverse Address Resolution Protocol
  • Bootstrap Protocol
• DHCP Overview
• DHCP New Lease Acquisition Process
  • DHCP Discovery Example
  • DHCP Offer Example
  • DHCP Request Example
  • DHCP Acknowledgment Example
• DHCP Message Format
• DHCP Scopes and Options
• IP Lease Renewal
• DHCP in a Routed Network
• Multiple DHCP Servers
• Troubleshooting DHCP

1. Domain Name System

• TCP/IP Protocols
• Name and Number Organizations
• The DNS Name Space
  • Generic Top-Level Domains
  • Sponsored Top-Level Domains
  • Country Domains
• DNS Name Servers
  • Root Servers
  • Primary and Secondary Name Servers
• A Distributed Service
  • DNS Name Resolution Process
  • DNS Message Format
  • DNS Resource Records
  • DNS Query Example
  • DNS Answer Example
• Reverse Lookup
• Dynamic DNS
• Troubleshooting DNS

1. ICMP Diagnostic and Error Reports

• ICMP Overview
• ICMP Basics
• ICMP Message Destinations
• Silent Discard vs. Informed Discard
• ICMP Message Layout
• ICMP Message Types
  • Echo Request and Echo Reply Example
  • Destination Unreachable Example
  • ICMP Redirect
  • Time Exceeded Example
• ICMP Sample Data Exchanges

1. Common TCP Applications

• TCP/IP Protocols
• Telnet
  • Telnet Negotiations
  • Telnet Protocol Options
  • Example Telnet Negotiations
• File Transfer Protocol
  • FTP Commands
  • FTP Response Codes
• E-Mail
  • Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
  • Post Office Protocol Version 3
  • Internet Message Access Protocol Version 4
• World Wide Web
  • Uniform Resource Locator
  • HTTP Requests and Responses

1. Common UDP Applications

• TCP/IP Protocols
• Trivial File Transfer Protocol
  • TFTP Transfer Process
  • TFTP Operation Codes
  • TFTP Example Sessions
• Simple Network Management Protocol
  • SNMP Manager Model
  • SNMP Agent Model
  • SNMP Commands
  • Management Information Base
  • Remote Network Monitoring

1. VOIP Implementation

• Introduction
• Benefits of VoIP
• TCP/IP Protocols Used by VoIP
• VoIP System Components
• VoIP Protocols
• Session Initiation Protocol
  • Example SIP Message
  • SIP Proxy Function
• Session Description Protocol
• VoIP Codecs
• Real-Time Transport Protocol
  • RTP Header Layout

1. TCP/IP Security

• TCP/IP Security Concerns
• The CIA Triad
• TCP/IP Vulnerabilities
  • TCP/IP Vulnerabilities: Network Access Layer
  • TCP/IP Vulnerabilities: Internet Layer
  • TCP/IP Vulnerabilities: Transport Layer
  • TCP/IP Vulnerabilities: Application Layer
• TCP/IP Security Protocols
  • Network Access Security Tools
  • IP Security
  • Virtual Private Networks
  • TLS and SSL
  • DNSSEC
  • Secure Shell Protocol

1. Internet Protocol Version 6

• Overview
• IPv6 Addresses
  • IPv6 Address Categories
  • Breaking Down IPv6 Addresses
  • Global Unicast Address Format
  • Interface ID Structure
  • IPv6 Address Types
• IPv6 Headers
  • IPv6 Header Layout
  • Extension Headers
• ICMPv6
  • Destination Unreachable
  • Packet Too Big
  • Time Exceeded
  • Parameter Problem
  • Echo Request and Echo Reply
  • Router Solicitation
  • Router Advertisement
  • Neighbor Solicitation
  • Neighbor Advertisement
  • Redirect Message
• IPv6 DNS Records
• IPv6 Routing Services and Protocols
• Internet2